今天王老师给同学们准备了高中英语语法归纳总结大全,高三党一定用得上! 一、定语从句 引导定语从句的关系代词有that,which,who(宾格whom),所有格whose)和关系副词 where when why 等,关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中充当一个成分,关系代词that,which,who,whom等在从句中分别作主语或宾语,whose在从句中作定语,而关系副词when,where,why等在从句中作状语。 如: ①I will never forget the days when/in which we worked together. ②I will never forget the days which/that we spent together. 解析:在句①中,表示时间的名词the days在从句中充当的是状语,所以用关系副词when来代指,引导定语从句修饰先行词the days; 而在句②中,表示时间的名词the days在从句中充当的是动词spent的宾语,所以用关系代词that或which来代指。 同样,表示地点或原因的名词如果在从句中作状语,则用关系副词where 或why来代指;如果在从句中作动词的宾语,则用which或that来代替。 如: ①This is the factory where/in which I worked.(作状语) ②This is the factory that/which I visited years ago.(作宾语) 注:当先行词为time,reason, place时,引导词可以省略。如: ①This was the first (when/what) I had serious trouble with my boss. ②That is the reason (why) I did it. ③This is the place (where) we met yesterday. 另外,定语从句中谓语动词的数应与先行词的数相一致。如: ①Mr. Jackson is the only foreigner that is present at the party. ②He is one of the students who were praised by the teacher. 解析:在句①中,先行词foreigner被only修饰,强调只有一个,所以从句中谓语动词用单数形式,而在句②中,who引导的定语从句修饰先行词the students,为复数,所以从句谓语动词应为复数。 二 名词性从句中的易错点 (一)that引导的定语从句与同位语从句 定语从句与前面的的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系,“……的名词”,而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表示事实或概念的抽象名词,如: fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。 That在定语从句中必须作成分,可用which或who/whom代替,而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用。如: ①Along with the letter was his promise that he would visit me this coming Christmas. ②Do you still remember the chicken farm that we visited three months ago. 解析:在句①中,that引导同位语从句解释说明promise的内容,that不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用,而在句②中,that在其引导的定语从句中作动词visited的宾语,对先行词the chicken farm起修饰作用。 (二)名词性从句中,关于it作形式主语和形式宾语的易错点 1) 名词性从句作主语或宾语时,为保持句子平衡,常用it作形式主语或形式宾语。如: It’s a pity that he don’t come to give a speech.(形式主语) We think it possible that you can finish the job today.(形式宾语) 2)谓语动词 appreciate, dislike, hate, like, love, make等接由if或when 引导的宾语从句时往往在从句前加上形式宾语it. 例如: I would appreciate it if you could come to my birthday party. 3)动词hare, take, hide, punish, put等,后接由that 引导的病因从句式,往往在从句前加形式宾语it. 例如: ① I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai soon. ② we punished it that we had finished the project ahead of time. 4)短语动词answer for, count on depend on, insist on, see to等后接有that引导的宾语从句时,必须冠以形式宾语it. 例如:① I’m counting on it that you will come. ② She’ll see to it that he goes ahead. 注:作形式主语和形式宾语时只能用it. 三、代词it、one、that的用法与区别 One泛指,指代前面提到的那类人或物,用于指代可数名词,相当于a+名词单数,其复数形式ones前一般要有定语,否则就要用some. ...